Archive for the ‘ Life in Central America ’ Category

Consumer Power

This is a concept foreign to Latin America – but I will have to explain what I mean by that.

First, a short review: Latin America’s basic culture was derived from 16th Century Spain and Portugal – along with its language. This was profoundly authoritarian and immoral. When these countries obtained their independence, they adopted a few of the trappings of modern culture, such as democracy, but nothing really changed. In the 20th Century, they also acquired a thin veneer of American popular culture, but this was only skin-deep. They wore American clothes, and watched American movies, but nothing really changed underneath this. They also adopted consumerism enthusiastically – it seemed simple to them: just get more stuff.

But in the States, something more profound was going on: the consumer was in control. I have derided this change myself, not realizing what was going on: why Americans have such a passion for their shopping centers. They loved them because they were set up just for them  - where they called all the shots by choosing which things to buy, out of the thousands available.

This was a pathetic kind of power – but one they could understand easily – and they went with it, since it was the only thing they had. I had missed the whole thing that has attracted them: Consumer Power. It wasn’t until I had lived in Costa Rica for almost ten years, that this dawned on me.

I went shopping in a Wal-Mart market at the nearest large town, where American marketing skills are evident. The basic rule Wal-Mart understands is this: the customer is all-important. Wal-Mart is spending a fortune to corner this market, and they have succeeded in teaching this approach to its employees.

This may not seem so earth-shaking to Americans, since this is what they are used to, but a Consumer Revolution has happened in America – without Americans being the least be aware of it. As usual, they were sound asleep.

You can only see the contrast in Latin America – where a hierarchical power structure is still assumed. Those in power expect the world to serve them. The customer is just a person who needs things – obviously an inferior position. And this applies to any situation where people want anything from anybody: those in power abuse those beneath them – and no one considers this objectionable.

I am not saying consumer power is a good thing – quite the opposite: it is only an illusion of power. But in a world of illusions it is all Americans have. For the time being, they seem to be on top. In the longer run, it is a disaster looking us right in the face.

How Not to Solve Problems

First of all, don’t solve them like Latinos do – because their problem-solving skills are limited, to put it kindly. That is why they are an undeveloped culture: they don’t know how to solve problems.

The ability to solve problems is what made the modern world a developed world – or, to put it more bluntly: a rich world. Meanwhile, Latin America remains ignorant and poor. I am merely repeating the obvious here; anyone can easily see this for themselves.

I just read an article in the magazine published by the Association of Residents of Costa Rica about this. The author summarizes the differences by saying Gringos are results-oriented and Latinos are process-oriented. Thinking about it myself, I had concluded Latinos maximized social interaction – with scant regard for anything else.

This suits some people just fine. My father, for example, lived in Mexico in his old age and loved learning Spanish – and loved being around such people-oriented people. The fact that nothing ever got done did not bother him – he could go back to the States for that. He had worked that treadmill to death and was ready to get off it for awhile and enjoy life.

There is something to be said for this. On the other hand, there is something to be said for the ability to solve problems – a skill America is fast losing, as it works hard at becoming just another poor country.

Why is this? Because Americans, like Latinos, feel it is not proper to change things. What is proper is to just muddle along, without accomplishing anything – that way, you won’t threaten those in power – who got that way by manipulating the way things are done – not by getting anything done.

This is most striking in the legislative process – the all-important way things have to get done in a democracy. Democracy is not working because we are fast losing our problem-solving skills.

This is strange, because in the high-tech world some very powerful problem-solving skills have been developed – especially in software development. But they have not been applied anywhere else – because they would be too threatening.

For example: high-tech projects are commonly divided into three phases: requirements, development, and testing. You have to know what you want to do before you can do it – and after you do it you have to test it to see if it really works.

Makes sense? Then why doesn’t the legislative process use it? You probably want to blurt out “Because it doesn’t work that way, dummy!” And after further thought, you probably want to add “And it can’t be fixed either.”

That summarizes it: “It can’t be fixed.”

American Foreign Policy is All Local

If you want to understand it, look inside America, not outside of it.

Obama, for example, is pushing the war in Afghanistan because he wants to get elected again. Simple as that. He may not know (or care) what the Afghanis want, but he knows very well what the American public wants. He also knows they have short memories, and is dawdling about removing our troops from Iraq, because our military wants to keep them there. He says all the right things, and does all the wrong things – and nobody notices the difference.

I have alluded to this subject recently, in my posting America and Honduras – which lays out the inside reasons for our involvement in a military coup in Honduras.

I have been disappointed by Witness for Peace‘s coverage of this: it got bogged down in what was happening in Honduras, and was captured by the local revolutionaries. It missed the bigger scene altogether. It have supported them for a long time, and just received another appeal from them – which I will ignore.

Americans know nothing about what goes on outside America – and have no desire to know. As far as they are concerned, they are the whole world – and the American media confirms their bias in this.

America and Honduras

OpenDemocracy: Obama and Latin America

America’s role in the recent events in Honduras has been puzzling. I could tell only one thing for sure: American conservatives were behind it. I knew this from my brother, a card-carrying conservative with strong religious convictions (they often go together). Juan Gabriel Tokatlian, however brought the whole thing in focus for me:

The ambiguity – to say the least – of the US position towards the military coup d’état in Honduras in June 2009 cannot be explained in terms of the promotion of democratic values in the region or the containment of a (non-existent) communist threat. Its main rationale was domestic: to facilitate the confirmation of the assistant secretary of state, Arturo Valenzuela, whose nomination had been blocked by the Republican senator, Jim DeMint. The fact that Washington was, by default, instrumental in the first successful military coup in the Americas in the 21st century will be remembered for a long time in Latin America.

Costa Rica is the only Central American country that has never been invaded by the American Military, many have been invaded several times. It has been very careful to accommodate its bigger neighbor to the North – the only sensible policy. Now that America is fading, it is developing strong ties with China.

Latinos Love Corruption

For them, corruption is the soul of community life. One develops contacts, and these networks of contacts decide who gets what. How successful you are depends on which networks you are in, and how well-placed you are in them. Politics is largely a matter of dividing up the spoils.

When I was in Sri Lanka, I used to read the English Indian newspapers. In these, families would advertise themselves, hoping to marry their children advantageously.  They would often say they were “well-connected”, and everyone knew what that meant.

In Latin America, government organizations are only interested in maintaining and expanding their power – and are not concerned with what they are supposed to be doing. Recently a bridge collapsed, and the bus on it plunged into the river below it, killing everyone. Immediately, everyone started pointing their fingers at every one else, placing the blame elsewhere. As it turned out, the agency responsible for bridge safety had done nothing – and didn’t even know how many bridges the country had, or what state they were in. The head of the agency resigned – causing the president of the country to worry. If heads of departments started resigning because of incompetence, he wouldn’t have any government left.

The arrogance of powerful officials is amazing. Recently, I went to the local bank to get a cash advance on my debit card, as I do every month. I stood in line, with everyone else, waiting for the only teller. When I got the head of the line, the bank guard motioned that I should go to a bank official instead, who was available in an adjacent area, helping to make the line move faster.

When I saw the guy, I knew I was in trouble. I had worked with him before, and he has always cheated me. I carefully figure out how much of my Social Security money I want to leave in my bank in the States, and how much I want in Colones, to spend during the month down here. He always gives me more Colones that I ask for, knowing my Spanish is so poor I cannot complain.  And then he sits back with a big smile on his face, knowing that his position makes him secure.

This is typical behavior in any governmental agency. Serving the public never enters their minds. The idea is to get a good government position and hold it the rest of your life – perhaps managing to make yourself even more important in the process. Arrogance in the powerful is common and expected. The role of women is to act as blatant sex-objects and become powerful by association.

Their basic culture is derived from 16th Century Spain and Portugal, which were totally corrupt. There is a thin layer of modernity over this, and they will sometimes get indignant about corrupt officials – but underneath they expect this to continue – and to benefit them.

Bicycle Accident

Me and my bicycle almost disappeared down a drainage culvert today.

There is a one-way suspension bridge for vehicles just south of Orosi. This is a little tricky to navigate for an old-timer on a bicycle like me. A small bus was patiently waiting for me to cross on the other side, and that made me nervous. As I swung around the bus to the right, I didn’t notice a large hole disguised by weeds directly on the side of the road. This was the opening to a drainage culvert going under the road to the river.

Plop! Down we went, head first. The top of my head hit the the edge of the concrete and that stopped our fall. Two men jumped out of their cars and pulled both of us (me and my bike) out of the hole. They carefully walked me to the restaurant nearby, made me sit down, and got me a glass of water.

Fortunately, I was wearing a bicycle helmet, and only got a mild headache out of the episode – but it cut short the much longer ride I was planning today.

I am Living in Temporary Housing Again

This has been the story of my life, I have never owned a house of my own, and had never felt this most basic of American urges – something that horrified my mother, who closely linked the worth of a family with the worth of their house.

This was a big part of the upward mobility that happened after WWII to my family and many others like it, who were caught up in the rising prosperity after the war – much to their intense delight. Surely they were God’s chosen people!

If Beth and I have been normal people, and bought a house in California, we too would have benefited from the Great California Real Estate Boom that was the wonder of the world. But we were not normal, and didn’t want to be.

So here I am, to make a long story short, in a strange apartment in a coffee town in rural Costa Rica, wearing hearing protectors to protect myself from my neighbor’s radio.

This is an improvement, in the perfect little house I had in the coffee fields, the noise from the bar was so intense I had to wear ear plugs inside my hearing protectors. Still, I do feel the loss of having my own house, even if it was rented.

I have lived in perfect places before, for example, Hikkaduwa in Sri Lanka – but they all have been discovered and developed – as was my home town of Nauvoo, Illinois, which has been turned into a Mormon tourist-trap. The development in Orosi, so far, has been restrained because of the global recession – but everyone expects this to change, and charges accordingly.

The house I am living in was owned by an American family who set up a vegetarian restaurant. But it never prospered, and the husband, the cook, died. The rest of the family went back to the States – and another family close by who had built a beautiful house, has gone back too – to be where the action is.

To be honest, that is where I would be too – if I had the money. Costa Rica, frankly, is nowhere. Almost everything I enjoy I get from the States – including the Internet.

Human Rights in Latin America

The whole idea of human rights is a foreign concept in Latin America – because its basic culture was derived from 16th Century Spain and Portugal – where such ideas did not exist. In other words, it is a late Medieval culture. When I say this, however, my Tico friends are offended – because they have assimilated American popular culture so avidly – often including Protestant Evangelicalism.  And their intellectuals, which have often been educated in the North, have worked hard at including Northern values in their legal codes.

But all this is superficial, the basic culture has not changed – and never will, because fundamental cultural change is very difficult, painful, and takes a long time. In Northern Europe it took centuries, and some bloody religious wars. The South rejected this change resolutely (with the Counter-Reformation) – and has never progressed very far.

Why do I bring this up? Because I just completed a move to get away from the noise from a bar in La Alegria. This morning, however, in my new apartment, my next-door neighbor was playing his radio loudly. As he sees it, it is his right to make as much noise as he pleases –  and his neighbors are extremely reluctant to ask him to turn it down. The idea of a right to peace and quiet, to be left alone, is entirely foreign to them. For them, togetherness is everything and the individual is nothing.

American is moving in this direction too, as it moves into its post-modern phase. For them, the organization (the job) is all-important, and amounts to a new kind of religion.

Pleasing the Customer

This is something no Latino organization would think of doing – except the successful ones, who have learned this from working with Gringos. The reason is simple: Latin America culture is derived from 16th Century Spanish and Portuguese cultures which were authoritarian.

In authoritarian cultures, the common people are not important, only important, powerful people were important. Customers are just common people that need things. An organization, for example, a government bureaucracy, is not interested in serving the public in the least. They have to grovel to get whatever they want.

In the North, things developed differently: it was more egalitarian and democratic. Here the common person was important, and he expected his organizations to work for him. As he evolved into being a consumer, this trend continued, and he expected the companies he bought from to provide quality shopping experiences.

This is especially true in American supermarkets. On my last visit, I was amazed by the quantity, variety, and value in the dominant supermarket chains in the DC area, where my cousin lived. I now do much of my important shopping in a Wal-Mart subsidiary in the nearest big town.

Being there is like being back in America, and I stock up on the good stuff. The staff there have got the message: please the customer before anything else. I can ask anyone, even people who are obviously managers, for something – and they immediately take me to right where it is. This is a pleasant surprise.

Poor Countries are Poor Because they Don’t Know How to be Rich

This seems obvious to me, but many deny this vigorously. They blame their condition on things outside the poor country’s control: usually exploitation by the rich countries. As they see it, all people are equally competent, but limited by their opportunities – which are always determined by other people.

There certainly is a great deal of truth in this. I could say that my childhood warped my entire life, which certainly is true. But you can look at this from another angle, and say one’s history determines what tools one has for dealing with the world – and they can be either adequate or inadequate.

In the case of poor countries, they are inadequate – and I am referring to their social skills here: their social infrastructure. This is also true of any culture, or even particular individuals: some can cope and advance, and some cannot.

The rich countries went through a long development that changed who they were: the way they thought and behaved. In short, they invented the modern world – and that made them rich. The poor countries went through no such development, stayed out of the modern world, and stayed poor.

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