Archive for the ‘ Software ’ Category

A Stubborn Old Coot Learns Programming Again

I was a programmer once, and that experience showed me I was not a natural programmer – and that I could not compete with natural-born, genius types.

I could compete as a writer, however, so I became a technical writer – documenting mainly software products. It was a horrible job; companies don’t want good documentation – no matter what they say – and most tech writers were dropout English majors, or something equally useless, who couldn’t cut it there. They had no interest in their job – only in the politics of getting ahead – while pretending to be somebody important.

At the time, Microsoft was derisively called The Evil Empire – for good reason. And no one expected it would last. It did last, quite to everyone’s surprise. One reason for its success, was its approach to programming. It had a hard-headed business approach: it wanted to make programming so simple that programmers would not have to be paid much.

As a result, companies that used its approach got into huge messes that only top-notch programmers could figure out – and these guys got big bucks for doing this. And some companies got into such a mess that nothing could save them. But Microsoft excels at high-tech flimflam, and high-level executives excel at stupidity – and the two of them are still in bed, and doing you-know-what.

Microsoft has refined its programming tools until they are something respectable – but also something requiring considerable high-priced expertise – precisely the situation they were trying to avoid! So they are developing something easy again – something called NetMatrix – which is what I am learning now. It takes a building-block approach “All you have to to us connect these clever little blocks together in the right way – and you too can produce a miracle!”

I just tried it, doing exactly what it told me to do. I didn’t get the right result. Shit! After some fiddling around, I got it to work. Their damn documentation has a bug in it!

Immediately, I notice something I had forgotten: programming sucks up a lot of time. Determined to figure out what is going on I switch to some of their other documentation, which does a better job of it. Their stuff is beginning to make some sense. But that will have to wait until tomorrow – I have burned up too much time on this already.

Ruthless Software Companies

Business is war. And in war only one thing counts: winning. Microsoft, one of the most ruthless (and successful) companies in history, understands this very well. And all its competitors do too. They can survive only by being less ruthless – while engaging in the same kind of behavior on the side. This makes for a very complicated situation.

So what have I decided to do? I decided to jump right into the mess test the waters again – after an absence of thirty years – which might as well be thirty light-years in the software world. Not surprisingly, I could hardly recognize the landscape – and I hardly knew where to start. No problem, I knew who the big players were now, and I decided to try all of them out.

They are all eager to have independent software developers in their camp, and they all have free packages to help them. All you have to do is download these development environments and try them out. This is where I got my first big surprise: most of these packages fell flat on their faces! How on earth could this be?

Perhaps because I am totally isolated. with no software buddies to help me out. All my Silicon Valley programmer friends have long since quit talking to me. I was living in another world, with no connection to their own. Software development is extremely social – its biggest strength, and simultaneously its biggest weakness.

There are software developers in Latin America, but they are far from the main stream. And most of them can’t speak English – a fatal handicap. If their governments were sharp (which they definitely are not) they would make a big push into software, and subsidize their own software efforts. Compared to other industries, this is an easy field to get into. But they have never been part of the modern world, and cannot imagine doing this. This field now belongs to North America, Northern Europe, India, the ex-Soviet countries, and China. The last two are its foremost Internet criminals. But I see I am straying from my subject: the American software companies.

So there I was floundering around on my own, with most software companies uninterested in me. I was desperate, so I tried Microsoft – not without some misgiving. Microsoft does not produce good software (their software is hopeless bloated), it does not produce reliable or secure software (their record here is the worst in the industry). Other companies are more clever by far (they are just plain stupid by comparison). And they make exaggerated claims that almost never happen.

But they are stubborn – they kept working on their inferior software development environments until until they finally worked. They take the time to explain their stuff to dummies like me. I appreciate that.

So now I am in bed with Microsoft. Wish me luck.

Stuxnet

Christian Science Monitor
Jerusalem Post - Stuxnet may have destroyed 1,000 centrifuges at Natanz

Stuxnet is the world’s first publicly known cybersuperweapon – a computer program that is able to cross the digital divide and destroy a real-world target. In the case of Stuxnet, that target seems to have been Iranian nuclear facilities. But future variants could be used to hammer US critical infrastructure, too, the Congressional Research Service warned this month.

Discovered in June by a Belarus antivirus company and later revealed as a cyberweapon by a German researcher, Stuxnet was designed to control and destroy industrial control systems. It could be activated merely by plugging a thumb drive loaded with the malware into the target computer system.

Stuxnet required a team of experts working clandestinely for months or more to build it – and cost millions of dollars to produce and test. Only a few nations – Israel, the US, China, France, or Britain – could create it, many say. Now a rich terrorist could buy a Stuxnet variant.

The original Stuxnet was a cyber “guided missile” that unleashed its digital warhead only under very specific conditions (believed by a number of experts to be part of Iran’s nuclear plant designs). The son of Stuxnet might not be so selective. If retooled slightly, a Stuxnet clone could be made to detonate and damage a wide swath of critical infrastructure facilities – water, power, energy, and transportation facilities, for instance.

 

Software is Not Magic

Most people think of it is some kind of magic – and sometimes even programmers think of themselves as professional magicians, fooling the audience with their sleight of hand. All software can do is create illusions – but since life is an illusion, what can be the harm in that?

This is exactly what people believed in the Middle Ages: that the world was not real – and the real world was only revealed by the mysteries of the church, and by arduous spiritual practices.

How fortunate we are, when miracles are free, and we don’t even have to miss a meal to get one! All we have to do is believe in this new religion – the religion of unlimited power – and not look under the hood to see what is really going on.

Online Backups

This is now being hyped as the latest thing. Storage on the Cloud is so cheap, it is the only way to go – they claim. I have looked into this seriously myself, and have found it lacking.

I have a program called Trend Micro SafeSync running on my computer, and it is now backing up my precious data to their cloud. I first tried Norton Backup, because it came with my computer, but it was a total failure. At least SafeSync could find the files on my computer I wanted to back up, and is now slowly grinding away at them.

Slowly is the key word here. The ADSL Internet service which everyone uses for high-speed Internet connections over their phone lines, is set up to make downloads much faster than uploads – because this is what users mostly do. SafeSync has been running for about a day so far and has uploaded only 100 files out of 1500. It keeps reminding me that this is only temporary – once they are backed up, updating them will be rapid. All I have to do is be patient.

However, their service costs me $60 and I can buy a 1 terrabyte USB hard drive for $70 where I can back up all my files in minutes. But this is not all. I should be able to tell which files I have backed up at any time just by looking at them online – but SafeSync does not provide this simple ability. I has me flying in the dark, and I don’t like that.

I can use Amazon’s S3 service, with backup software that only costs $30, and I am tempted to try that. Actually, I should be able to use the Windows 7 backup software, but on my computer it is messed up. I even tried backing up to DVDs – but Windows has messed up that part of its software too. Windows 7 is a big improvement on Windows Vista – but that is not saying a whole lot. Why we have put up with Windows so long is a mystery to me – but on the other hand, not so much of a mystery: Microsoft has the government in its back pocket. I would like to set it up so it does my backups in the middle of the night, but this is not possible.

I will probably just bit the bullet when my bank account recovers, and get a bigger hard drive. I have one now that is 40 gigabytes, which was a lot only a few years ago. This is one advantage of using the Cloud: it is expanding continuously.

What America Does Well

America should be concentrating on doing what it does well – instead of doing foolish things that fix nothing (such as QE2). One of the things we do well is software, and we should be improving this expertise as fast as we can. We have been the world leaders here, and we should make every effort to see that this continues.

Instead we persist in treating it like some kind of manufacturing, where the makers of it must be left alone to maximize their profits – Microsoft, for example. But the software world does not work this way. It is another world entirely – and unless we wise up to this we are going to be left in the dust.

We keep hearing that our schools should be teaching better math skills. But programing skills and math skills are two different things. Early on, engineering schools found that music majors did better at programming than mathematic majors. There are plenty of talented high school students out there who should be learning programming skills right now – they probably are already, in their spare time.

I said the software world is a different world – let me say more about that. First of all, software development is a cooperative endeavor, not a competitive endeavor. This is not to say programmers do not like to compete sometimes – they do. But basically they all use everybody else’s stuff, and how much it get used is a mark of their status. It doesn’t take them long to discover the best code, and it gets used a lot. This is called Open Source – and is a big deal – but threatens the old guard.

The contrast with traditional industry practices could not be more stark. There, everyone tries to own a piece of turf, and defend all others from it. This means endless patent suits all over the place, which accomplish nothing. This software industry knows software patents are counter-productive – but no one pays any attention to them – because no one understands software. Let me give you a case in point.

The latest thing on the Internet is the cloud. Believe me, this is a really big thing. The basic idea is simple: computers need storage – lots and lots of it, and more all the time. This costs money, big money. The Cloud is simply vast server centers, scattered around the globe, connected together by the Internet so they look like one humongous amount of computer storage – which is very cheap. Take a note of that: very cheap – enough to make any Internet company – and all companies are now Internet companies – drool like idiots. They can’t wait to get on board.

A few of the early-adopters got burned pretty bad – their data got lost – the ultimate disaster. But the industry is maturing rapidly, and is working all these bugs out. The leader in this crowded field is Amazon, with its Amazon Web Service (AWS) which offers all kinds of services – with more all the time.

I am trying to use their S3 service to back up the data on my computer. The most direct way would be to buy a USB drive – one with a terrabyte of storage only costs about $70 – but by the time I got it down here it would be $100. This is not big deal, really, even for me – and has the advantage of being easy to use – even I know how to use it. I have all kinds of data I have downloaded from the Net – audible recorded books; MP3 music files from emusic; courses from the Teaching Company. Over a few years these really add up.

But stubborn me is going to try to put together my own solution – using Amazon for the storage, and several pieces of software (one of the made in Singapore) to interface between that and my computer.

This prompts me to say more about the uniqueness of the software word. It is international, and getting more that way all the time. To be in a position of leader in this industry is going to be a real challenge. But a democracy is in a better position to do this than a totalitarian society – such as China.

We still have a democracy – more or less – and we should be going after that leadership.

Using Computers to Corner the Market

New Scientist
Fast Company

The Market (with a capital M) is supposed to be someplace where the best price for goods and services can be easily determined. The stuff is simply placed on the Market, where people can bid on it. The Market is supposed to have safeguards to keep it from being manipulated.

But since the dawn of time, clever people have figured out ways of doing just this. Now they have been joined by computers.

Computers, however, are simply the servants of those who own and program them. We have gotten so used to personal computing devices of all kinds, we think of them as our servants – helping us survive in the world. But the corporate world, which can afford the best of programming talent, views them as ways of making them even richer. As the New Scientist article says:

Automated trading, also known as mechanical arbitrage, has come to account for more than half of trades in many markets around the globe. Firms may make trades thousands of times per second, and they often put their operations close to market exchanges, sometimes only a few feet away from an exchange’s computers, because by cutting the time it takes for information to pass through wires they can gain millisecond advantages over their competitors.

I see ads every day, urging people with some disposable cash to become traders in some of the more volatile markets, usually the money markets. I even knew a guy who was hooked on this. He was convinced he had a feel for the market, and could predict where it would go.

After a few severe losses, he spent $16,000 on software to help in do this. It was supposed to have magical abilities too. He spent months perfecting a method, playing in a make-believe market that was supposed to imitate the real thing. When he finally started playing on the real market again, somebody else’s computers ended up with his cash.

He was lucky to find a job back in his old profession, that he had previously hated – on a greatly reduced salary.

Everybody Knows Everything About You

Fresh Air, audio
Fresh Air, text

Now that the Internet has become so important, a whole new industry has sprung up, devoted to finding out what kind of person you are – especially what kind of things you like to buy – and selling that information to the highest bidder. All this happens in milliseconds. As soon as you show an interest in anything by looking at a Web page, this interest is sold to eager advertisers, often for just a fraction of a cent for every click of your mouse. Companies are getting rich that way, since there are so many clicks every second.

The smell of money attracts human sharks, just as the smell of blood does their counterparts.

In this world people have few rights; they are treated as a resource to be exploited – and exploited completely. This has always been the case in the advertising world, but the pace used to be much slower. An advertisement had to be placed, a process that might take months, and there was no easy way to tell what its effects had on the purchasing public. On the Internet, all this is changed. You are fresh meat the instant you get online.

This Fresh Air program is about a investigative series conducted by the Wall Street Journal. What they found surprised even them. They set up a computer devoted to this research, carefully cleaned of all surveillance software. Just a few weeks later it was infected with thousands of instances of it. Sometimes one Web site would be responsible for hundreds of them.

This situation has gotten completely out of hand – to the great delight of the industry – who continues to evolve at warp speed.

The System Doesn’t Care

Bruce Schneier: Crypto-Gram Newsletter

Or to be more precise: it doesn’t care about you – only for itself. And it doesn’t really even care about itself, in the long run – but only in instant gains at the expense of everything else. It is not interested in producing quality products – only the cheapest stuff they can get away with.

Bruce Schneier is the most important security specialist in the world – it’s as simple as that – he writes and speaks all over the place. I quote from him:

Information technology is increasingly everywhere, and it’s the same technologies everywhere. The same operating systems are used in corporate and government computers. The same software controls critical infrastructure and home shopping. The same networking technologies are used in every country. The same digital infrastructure underpins the small and the large, the important and the trivial, the local and the global; the same vendors, the same standards, the same protocols, the same applications.

With all of this sameness, you’d think these technologies would be designed to the highest security standard, but they’re not. They’re designed to the lowest or, at best, somewhere in the middle. They’re designed sloppily, in an ad hoc manner, with efficiency in mind. Security is a requirement, more or less, but it’s a secondary priority. It’s far less important than functionality, and security is what gets compromised when schedules get tight.

The software used to run our critical infrastructure — government, corporate, everything — isn’t very secure, and there’s no hope of fixing it anytime soon. Assurance is really our only option to improve this, but it’s expensive and the market doesn’t care. Government has to step in and spend the money where its requirements demand it, and then we’ll all benefit when we buy the same software.

Did you notice that all-important word Government? The very thing the conservatives are out to destroy, in the name of the market.

For a related posting, see Cyber War

Cyber War

A new book is out by ex-Presidential adviser Richard Clarke, called Cyber War: The Next Threat to National Security and What to Do About It. His writing leaves a lot to be desired, but he seems to understand the subject. The basic problem is this: Americans and their government are too stupid to deal with the problem.

The biggest secret in the world about cyber war may be that at the very same time the U.S. prepares for offensive cyber war, it is continuing policies that make it impossible to defend the nation effectively from cyber attack.

In other words, Ladies and Gentlemen: America is screwed.

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